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What are the breakthroughs in high-performance polylactic acid fibers
source：www.kingcharmgroup.com | Release time：2025-12-021、 Core breakthrough in heat resistance modification
The original melting point of polylactic acid fiber was only about 170 ℃, and its poor heat resistance limited its application. The industry has achieved a qualitative improvement in heat resistance through stereocomposite modification technology
PLLA/PDLA crystal control: Revealing the mechanism of irradiation on the crystal control of left-handed polylactic acid (PLLA)/right-handed polylactic acid (PDLA) blends, thermal/mechanical coupling induced composite modification was used to prepare heat-resistant fibers with high content and high orientation crystals, increasing the melting point of the fibers by nearly 50 ℃ to over 210 ℃. After dyeing at 120 ℃ for 60 minutes, the tensile strength retention rate still reached 90%, solving the deformation problem in high-temperature processing and use.
Special device development: Develop a specialized device for thermal/mechanical coupling induction of stereoisomeric composite polylactic acid, achieving synchronous control of crystal structure and mechanical properties, allowing heat-resistant modified fibers to maintain excellent tensile strength and elastic recovery rate at the same time.
2、 Diversified breakthroughs in functional modification
In response to core functional requirements such as flame retardancy and antibacterial properties, the industry has developed customized modification systems to achieve high-performance functional integration
High flame retardant modification: Construct a DOPO and phosphite ester composite flame retardant system, prepare high flame retardant polylactic acid masterbatch with a flame retardant content of not less than 40%, develop high-quality flame retardant polylactic acid fibers, solve the problem of flammability of polylactic acid fibers, and can be applied to scenarios with high flame retardant requirements such as firefighting suits and automotive interiors.
Antibacterial performance enhancement: By optimizing the spinning process and adding specialized additives, high-quality antibacterial polylactic acid fibers have been developed. After blending with bamboo pulp adhesive, viscose fibers, etc., the antibacterial rate against common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can reach 99%, and the antibacterial performance is washable, suitable for medical hygiene materials and close fitting clothing.
Intelligent Function Empowerment: Adding modifiers such as silica and carbon nanotubes to polylactic acid fibers endows them with intelligent features such as radiation cooling, photothermal conversion, and thermoelectric output, which can be applied in wearable devices, solar interface evaporation, and other fields.
3、 Breakthrough in Optimization of Mechanical and Processing Properties
Mechanical performance improvement: Develop high-strength and high flexibility polylactic acid fiber preparation technology and equipment. By adjusting the fiber cross-sectional structure, optimizing screw extrusion parameters, and other methods, the fiber fracture strength is further improved, while the flexibility is also enhanced. The elastic recovery rate of three-dimensional curled fibers reaches over 93%, which can replace polyester for textile fabrics.
Improved spinnability: Designed a specialized spinning box for the production of polylactic acid fibers, optimized the spinning process, and solved the problem of poor spinnability caused by polylactic acid degradation; Screening new slicing drying methods, exploring the influence of screw structure and melt pipeline parameters on spinning, and achieving efficient spinning of differentiated polylactic acid fibers with defect content controlled below 1.6 mg/kg.
Breakthrough in dyeing technology: Research and development of polylactic acid fiber raw material coloring technology, which solves the problems of difficult dyeing and low color fastness of polylactic acid fibers through environmentally friendly color powder surface modification, high shear blending, and other processes. The soap washing, water washing, and friction color fastness of colored polylactic acid fibers are all ≥ 4 levels, which is superior to traditional dyeing processes; We have also developed a two-stage variable speed temperature dyeing process, which improves dyeing uniformity and color fastness.
4、 Breakthrough in Processing Technology Innovation
Application of air deformation technology: Develop polylactic acid air deformation fibers, achieve torque free winding of fibers through special spinning processes, and make fabrics have excellent wrinkle resistance, fluffiness, and moisture conductivity. The tensile strength is close to the level of polyester, and the looped durability is good. It can be used for knitting and weaving textiles, replacing traditional petroleum based fibers.
Blending process optimization: Research and development of stitching shrinkage and low-temperature brightening finishing technology for wool, cashmere, and polylactic acid blended fabrics, blending polylactic acid fibers with natural fibers such as wool, linen, and cotton. This not only retains the characteristics of natural fibers, but also enhances the stiffness, wrinkle resistance, and antibacterial properties of the fabric through the addition of polylactic acid fibers, expanding the application scenarios of clothing fabrics.
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