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What to pay attention to when processing polyester fibers
source：www.kingcharmgroup.com | Release time：2026-02-251、 Precautions for spinning processing
Raw material pretreatment: Polyester chips need to be dried before processing to remove moisture from the chips (usually dried to a moisture content of ≤ 0.02%), in order to avoid foaming and fiber breakage caused by moisture during the spinning process, which may affect the quality of fiber forming. The drying temperature and time should be strictly adjusted according to the specifications of the raw materials to prevent yellowing and degradation of the slices.
Melt temperature control: The spinning melt temperature needs to be stable within a reasonable range (conventional 270-290 ℃). Excessive temperature can easily lead to polyester degradation, resulting in a decrease in fiber strength and color; If the temperature is too low, the fluidity of the melt will be insufficient, which can easily lead to spinning breakage and uneven fiber thickness. Real time monitoring and adjustment of temperature parameters are required.
Maintenance of spinneret: Regularly clean the spinneret to remove residual melt and impurities in the plate holes, avoiding blockage of the plate holes that may cause abnormal fiber forming and increased fiber breakage; The installation of the spinneret needs to be precise to ensure even spraying and consistent fiber line density.
Cooling molding: The spun fiber bundle needs to be uniformly cooled, and the cooling wind speed and distance need to be reasonably controlled to avoid uneven cooling leading to differences in fiber crystallinity, which in turn affects the tensile properties and mechanical stability of the fibers; During the cooling process, it is necessary to prevent the fiber bundle from sticking, and anti-static agents can be added appropriately.
Stretching and shaping: Adjust the stretching ratio, stretching temperature, and shaping temperature according to product requirements. If the stretching ratio is too high, it can easily cause fiber breakage, while if it is too low, the fiber strength will be insufficient; The setting temperature needs to be adapted to the fiber characteristics to ensure stable fiber morphology and reduce subsequent processing deformation.
2、 Precautions for spinning processing
Fiber combing: During the combing process, it is necessary to control the speed and spacing of the needle cloth to avoid damage to the fiber surface, which may cause fiber fuzzing and pilling; The combed fiber bundles should be uniform, reducing impurities such as cotton knots and wool particles to ensure the quality of spinning.
Drawing process: During drawing, it is necessary to control the drawing speed and stretching ratio to ensure the uniformity of the fiber strips and reduce coarse details; When merging multiple channels, it is necessary to allocate the stretching amount of each channel reasonably to avoid damage caused by excessive fiber stretching.
Processing of coarse and fine yarns: The twist of coarse yarns should be moderate. Twisting too much can easily lead to yarn breakage, while twisting too small can cause loose yarns; During the fine yarn stretching process, it is necessary to control the roller speed and spacing to ensure uniform density and stable strength of the fine yarn, and reduce the breakage rate.
Blended processing (if any): When blending with other fibers such as cotton, linen, viscose, etc., the processing technology should be adjusted according to the length, fineness, and strength of different fibers to ensure uniform blending and avoid problems such as fiber delamination and breakage; The blending ratio must be strictly controlled according to the formula requirements to ensure stable product performance.
3、 Precautions for Weaving Processing
Preparation of warp yarn: The warp yarn needs to undergo sizing treatment, and the sizing formula needs to be adapted to the characteristics of polyester fibers to ensure that the warp yarn is wear-resistant, not prone to pilling, and convenient for subsequent desizing; The sizing temperature and speed should be controlled reasonably to avoid excessive thickness or thinness of the sizing material, which may affect weaving efficiency.
Weaving parameter adjustment: Adjust the weaving machine speed, opening time, and beating force according to the fabric specifications to avoid warp yarn breakage and weft yarn deviation caused by too fast speed; The knitting force should be moderate to prevent the fabric from being too dense or too loose, ensuring uniform thickness and density of the fabric.
Edge treatment: During the weaving process, it is necessary to fix the edges of the fabric to avoid fuzzing and curling, which may affect the appearance and subsequent processing of the fabric; The selection of edge yarn should be compatible with the main fibers of the fabric to ensure that the edge strength is consistent with the main body.
Cleaning and maintenance: Regularly clean the weaving machine to remove impurities such as flying flowers and yarn hairs, and avoid impurities from getting entangled in the fabric, which may cause defects in the fabric; The components of the weaving machine need to be regularly lubricated and inspected to ensure stable operation.
4、 Precautions for heat setting and post finishing processing
Temperature control for heat setting: Heat setting is the key to ensuring the stability of polyester fiber products, and the temperature should be controlled at 120-180 ℃ (adjusted according to the product application). Excessive temperature can easily lead to fiber yellowing, excessive shrinkage, and even melting damage; If the temperature is too low, the shaping effect will be poor, and the product is prone to deformation and wrinkling.
Setting time and tension: The heat setting time should be matched with temperature and product thickness to ensure sufficient setting; During the shaping process, it is necessary to control the tension of the fabric evenly to avoid excessive local tension that may cause the fabric to stretch and deform, affecting dimensional stability.
Post finishing process adaptation: Select the appropriate post finishing process (such as dyeing, printing, wrinkle prevention, waterproofing, etc.) according to product requirements. When dyeing, choose dyes that are suitable for polyester fibers, control dyeing temperature, time, pH value, and ensure uniform dyeing and color fastness standards; When printing, it is necessary to avoid uneven penetration of the paste to prevent blurry patterns.
Desizing and washing: The woven fabric needs to undergo desizing treatment to remove warp yarn slurry and avoid affecting subsequent dyeing and printing effects; During the washing process, it is necessary to control the water temperature and detergent dosage to avoid fiber damage and fabric discoloration caused by high temperature and strong alkaline detergents.
5、 General processing precautions
Environmental control: The processing workshop needs to be kept dry and ventilated, with controlled temperature and humidity (conventional temperature 20-25 ℃, humidity 60% -70%), to avoid moisture causing fibers to become damp, adhere, or excessively dry leading to fiber brittleness and breakage.
Equipment maintenance: Regularly inspect and calibrate spinning, spinning, weaving, finishing and other equipment to ensure the accuracy of equipment operation and avoid abnormal product quality caused by equipment failure; The equipment components need to be replaced regularly to prevent wear and tear from affecting the processing effect.
Quality inspection: Real time quality inspection is required during the processing, with a focus on checking fiber line density, strength, uniformity, fabric thickness, density, defects, and other indicators. Process parameters should be adjusted in a timely manner to avoid unqualified products flowing into the next stage.
Safe operation: During the processing, it is necessary to follow the equipment operating procedures to avoid safety hazards caused by high temperature and high-speed running components; When in contact with high-temperature melt and heat setting equipment, protective measures should be taken; Properly store processing materials and finished products, avoiding squeezing, moisture, and exposure to sunlight.
In summary, polyester fiber processing needs to be fully integrated with its characteristics, control the process parameters of each link, maintain equipment, control the environment, and conduct quality inspections to avoid various processing risks and ensure that the product's performance and appearance meet the design and usage requirements.
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