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Which link is more important in the production process of polyester fiber
source：www.kingcharmgroup.com | Release time：2026-07-281. Importance: Source foundation, innate attributes
PTA undergoes esterification with ethylene glycol, followed by condensation to produce PET polymer. The core indicator is the intrinsic viscosity IV value.
The IV level directly determines the fiber strength:
Civilian fiber IV ≈ 0.64-0.68; High strength industrial polyester yarn IV ≥ 0.85
Side reaction control: Acetaldehyde content, carboxyl end group content, affecting later hydrolysis resistance and aging performance (key indicators of dust filter bag life)
If the polymerization is unstable and the molecular weight distribution of the slices is uneven, no matter how the spinning process is adjusted in the future, the fiber will have uneven strength and be prone to breakage.
Positioning: Innate foundation; There is a problem with the raw materials, which cannot be remedied later.
Limitations: Qualified slicing is only the foundation, good slicing ≠ excellent fiber.
2、 Step 2: Melt spinning (extrusion spinning)
PET slices are heated and melted, and filaments are extruded through a spinneret.
Key controls: melt temperature, melt uniformity, and nozzle surface cleanliness.
Function: Form primary filaments (unstretched filaments).
Shortcoming: The newly formed silk has almost no strength and a loose structure; Only completing the molding process cannot determine the performance.
3、 Step 3: Drawing+Heat setting (post spinning processing, top priority)
Why is this the most critical process in the fiber manufacturing stage?
The extruded primary silk molecular chains are disordered, with low strength and easy tensile fracture.
Stretching: Pulling the filament under external force to align the PET polymer chains along the fiber axis;
Heat setting: Lock the molecular orientation structure at high temperatures and eliminate internal stress.
Directly determine the core indicators of the finished product:
Fracture strength, fracture elongation (core parameters of industrial filter cloth and lifting belt)
Size thermal shrinkage rate (will the filter bag shrink and deform at high temperatures)
Elasticity and wear resistance
Creep resistance and fatigue resistance performance
For example, in an industrial scenario:
Same PET slice, two different stretching processes:
Fully stretched+reasonable heat setting: high-strength and low shrinkage polyester filament, suitable for dust removal filter bags;
Insufficient stretching/incorrect setting temperature: The fiber shrinks greatly and has low strength, causing the filter bag to deform and break quickly after being put into use.
Industry consensus: Spinning molding is only about "making silk", while stretching and shaping is about "endowing fiber properties".
4、 Step 4: Curling, cutting, oiling (post finishing)
Belonging to the modification auxiliary process: improving the adhesion, anti-static, and textile processing performance.
It can optimize the feel and reduce static electricity, but it cannot fundamentally change core mechanical indicators such as fiber strength and thermal shrinkage, and its importance is lower than that of the previous process.
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